This splint was desgned for a patient as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis. This custom splint keeps the thumb in an abducted and comfortable position.
The casing itself was created using an Einscan Pro with 50 microns of maximum deviation while the fastening was constructed out of 2 rubber bands and hooks made with galvanized wire.
Pretty cool, huh?
Do you think we’ll eventually move past hard casts and more to a webbed design like this for sprains or frx?
A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
inherited from both parents.
A total of 36 human blood group systems exist - ABO and the Rh determine someone’s blood type (A, B, AB and O, with +, − or null denoting RhD status)
Typing is essential for suitability in bloodtransfusion
Antibodies in an individual’s plasma are directed against blood group antigens that their own RBCs lack
(this is confusing, it’ll take a while before you can look at blood typing stuff without having to think)
The ABO blood group system involves two antigens and two antibodies found in human blood.
antigen A and antigen B - on the RBCs
antibody A and antibody B - in the serum
All humans can be classified into 4 groups:
Antigen A with antibody B
Antigen B with antibody A
Antigen AB has no antibodies
Antigen nil (group O) with antibody A and B.
Agglutination (clotting) reaction occurs between similar antigen and antibody. This is a seriously dangerous reaction (essentially all your blood turns to jelly) - if a patient with A antibody in their serum is given blood with A antigen on the surface, they could die.
Group O = universal donor –> has no antigens on the RBCs, can be given to anyone and no agglutination will occur because nothing to react with the antibodies in serum
Group AB = universal acceptor –> no antibodies in serum, so nothing to react with any antigens on RBCs that are introduced.
Great graphic/note to transfusion logic!
Quick note that these rulings apply to red blood cell donation, and that it’s a tad different for other blood products.
While travelling through space, the body is weightless. Planets smaller than Earth will have lower gravity (Mars = one-third of Earth’s gravity).
Short-term exposure to microgravity causes space adaptation syndrome, a self-limiting nausea caused by derangement of the vestibular system (balance and coordination).
Muscle and bone wastage
Without gravitybones lose minerals, with density dropping at over 1% per month. may not be corrected by rehabilitation –> risk of osteoporosis-related fractures later in life
Muscle strength and endurance decreases, and cardiovascular deconditioning is experienced since it does not take effort to float through space.
Kidney stones may develop due to dehydration and increased excretion of calcium from bones.
Fluids are no longer pulled down
Fluids shift upwards towards the head - ‘puffy face’
puts pressure on your eyes causing vision problems.
Can also cause balance disorders and a loss of taste and smell
Get taller - fluid-filled discs between each of the bony vertebrae are no longer compressed, stretching your height by about 3%. Returning to Earth-like gravity reverses that effect.
Immune system disrupted
Things like radiation, microbes, stress, microgravity, altered sleep cycles and isolation could all have an effect on immune systems,
bacteria have been found to be more resistant to antibiotics and to thrive in the near-weightlessness of space.
Readapting to Earth’s gravity
Transitioning from one gravity field to another affects spatial orientation, head-eye and hand-eye coordination, balance, locomotion, and usually produces motion sickness.
High gravity
During takeoff and reentry gravity is increased, An untrained person can usually withstand about 3g, but can blackout at 4 to 6g.
temporary loss of vision and then at higher g-forces loses consciousness.
Space Radiation
Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere protect us from harsh cosmic radiation.
increase cancer risk
can damage central nervous system –> altered cognitive function, reduced motor function, and behavioral changes.
radiation sickness –> nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue.
degenerative tissue diseases such as cataracts, cardiac, and circulatory diseases.
Why is urine yellow, and poop brown? The comic you never asked for.
I wanted to play with a traditional medical illustration style for a mini-comic here. It’s remarkable how similar the tools are for pen and ink classic scientific illustration, and comics!
If you’d like to see more where this came from - my content lives at Artibiotics: https://artibiotics.com/
If you’d like to support me illustrating medicine, consider a coffee membership to the Scrub Club on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/artibiotics
Failure to properly breakdown these products happens to also result in a handful of other medical conditions, especially those related to iron.
Some study sketches I made at work, of the amazing medical illustration of John Parker. His original work can be seen in all its glory in the beautiful online ‘Atlas of Pelvic surgery’.
He creates amazing textures and clarity in pure black and white brilliance.
Those who have been in theatre will appreciate how great the art is at separating structures and communicating the relevant information.
I’m hoping to absorb some wisdom making these, to apply in my own designs!
High levels of potassium destabilise the cardiac membrane causing arrhythmia’s which lead to cardiac arrest. This can be a real life-saving opportunity if you can catch and treat it!
I made this as an experiment while learning a bit more about After Effects to animate my medical illustration. Hope it’s useful!
What an awesome graphic! Really demonstrates the interval changes.
Structurally, the breast consists of a number of lobes connected by lactiferous (milk-carrying) ductsto the nipple.
Each lobe is a compound gland
branching into lobules and alveoli lined with epithelial cells
which are supported in a loose matrix of connective tissue.
The connective tissue includes accumulations of adipocytes (fat cells).
During pregnancy the duct system and alveoli expand considerably (the epithelial cells lining the alveoli are responsible for milk secretion).
connective tissue is correspondingly reduced
alveoli are surrounded by contractile cells (myocytes)
which put pressure onto the alveoli to promote milk secretion.
When the breast is stimulated, prolactin levels in the blood rise, peak in about 45 minutes, and return to the pre-breastfeeding state about three hours later. The release of prolactin triggers the cells in the alveoli to make milk.
After weaning, when breast milk is no longer required, the alveoli regress, leaving just the duct system in place
